Zener diode ZD1 senses the supply, and should the supply rise above 6 V, Ql will turn on. In turn, Q2 conducts clamping the rail. Subsequent events depend on the source supply. It will either shut down, go into current limit or blow its supply fuse. None of these will damage the TTL chips. The rating of Q2 depends on the source supply, and whether it will be required to operate continuously in the event of failure. Its current rating has to be in excess of the source supply.
Over voltage protection for logic Circuit Diagram
Over voltage protection for logic Circuit Diagram
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